DEMENTIA
PROBLEM
Dementia is a progressive mental impairment that can lead to memory changes and loss, altered thinking processes, and behavior changes.
CAUSES
Dementia is caused by degeneration and loss of the gray matter from the brain; common causes are Alzheimer’s disease, inadequate blood supply to the brain, alcoholism, chronic infections, inherited conditions, brain injury, or brain tumors.
PREVENTION
Early medical treatment is required for reversible causes of dementia. Prevention includes protection from head injury, eating a balanced diet, preventing alcoholism, avoiding drug abuse, and preventing atherosclerosis.
TREATMENT PLAN
A.Minimize changes in daily routines.
B.Provide simple memory reminders such as notes, calendars, and clocks.
C.Encourage social contacts: Participate in local support groups and share stories.
D.Treat with respect.
E.Provide a safe environment:
1.Remove scatter rugs.
2.Install handrails and stairs.
3.Discourage driving.
4.Install stove cut-off switch.
5.Lock closets.
6.Lock up matches and firearms.
F.Encourage thinking
games such as puzzles, word games, and reading, which stimulate the brain and assist with memory.
G.Provide frequent gentle reorientation to surroundings; orient yourself daily to your environment and belongings.
H.Reduce stress. Less stress will improve overall concentration, decision-making ability, and your quality of life:
1.Remove yourself from stressful situations.
2.Establish boundaries and share these with your family.
3.Reduce stimulation in the environment. Focus on relaxation and avoid stressful situations.
I.Discuss financial plans and organize documents. Include family members whom you trust and discuss potential care costs and planning for financial concerns for the future.
Activity: Patient may engage in as much activity as possible with supervision and direction.
Diet: Eat a well-balanced diet low in saturated fat.
Medications: A variety of medications are available to treat symptoms.
You Have Been Prescribed: ___________________________________________________________
You Need to Take: ___________________________________________________________
You Need to Notify the Office If:
A.The symptoms/behaviors are getting worse.
B.You are unable to tolerate the medications because of side effects.
C.You need help with social services.
D.Other: ___________________________________________________________
Phone: ____________________________
RESOURCE
Alzheimer’s Association: www.alz.org
The Alzheimer’s Association’s website includes information on locating the closest support group; search by zip code: www.alz.org/Local_Resources/Find_Your_Local_Chapter
24/7 Helpline: 1-800-272-3900
PATIENT TEACHING GUIDE