Bibliography for Chapter 14. Gastrointestinal Guidelines
Adult-Gerontology Practice Guidelines
Second Edition 2019
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (n.d.). 2009 celiac disease evidence-based nutrition practice guideline. Retrieved from http://www.adaevidencelibrary.com/topic.cfm?cat=3677
- Al Hashash, J., & Regueiro, M. (2018, June 19). Overview of medical management of high-risk, adult patients with moderate to severe Crohn disease. In K. M. Robson (Ed.), UpToDate . Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-medical-management-of-high-risk-adult-patients-with-moderate-to-severe-Crohn-disease
- Alexandraki, I., & Smetana, G. (2017, October 24). Acute viral gastroenteritis in adults. In L. Kunins (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-viral-gastroenteritis-in-adults
- Ali, M., Moustarah, F., & Kim, J. (2015). American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery position statement on intra-gastric balloon therapy–Draft. Retrieved from https://asmbs.org/app/uploads/2015/10/IntraGastricBalloon_Statement_DRAFT.pdf
- American Association for Clinical Chemistry. (2018, September 27). Celiac disease antibody tests. Lab Tests Online. Retrieved from https://labtestsonline.org/tests/celiac-disease-antibody-tests
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018, January). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 131(1), e15–e30. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002456
- American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. (2015). American Geriatrics Society 2015 updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 63, 2227–2246. doi:10.1111/jgs.13702
- American Geriatrics Society Health in Aging Foundation. (2015, September). Ten medications older adults should avoid or use with caution. Retrieved from http://www.healthinaging.org/files/documents/tipsheets/meds_to_avoid.pdf
- American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. (n.d.). Life after bariatric surgery. Retrieved from https://asmbs.org/patients/life-after-bariatric-surgery
- American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. (2016). Approved procedures and devices. Retrieved from https://asmbs.org/resources/approved-procedures
- American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. (2018). Estimate of bariatric surgery numbers, 2011–2017. Retrieved from https://asmbs.org/resources/estimate-of-bariatric-surgery-numbers
- American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. (n.d.). Constipation. Retrieved from https://www.fascrs.org/patients/disease-condition/constipation-0
- Anand, B. S. (2018, October 3). Peptic ulcer disease. Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-overview
- Anderson, S. (2012, August). Beware the irritable bowel: Deciphering the overlap of symptoms. ADVANCE for NPs & PAs, 21–24(3), 32. Retrieved from http://nursing.advanceweb.com/beware-the-irritable-bowel-35176
- Ansari, P. (2018, July). Fecal incontinence. In R. Porter (Ed.), Merck manual: Professional version. [online]. Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal_disorders/anorectaldisorders/fecalincontinence.html
- Barak, O., Elazary, R., Applebaum, L., Rivkind, A., & Almogy, G. (2009). Conservative treatment for acute cholecystitis: Clinical and radiographic predictors of failure. Israel Medical Association Journal, 11, 739–743. Retrieved from https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/42/21212.pdf
- Bartelt, L. A. (2018, September 2). Giardiasis: Treatment and prevention. In E. L. Baron (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardiasis-treatment-and-prevention
- Basson, M. D. (2017, March 28). Constipation. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/184704-overview
- Basson, M. D. (2018, June 22). Ulcerative colitis. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183084-overview
- Becker, D. A., Balcer, L. J., & Galetta, S. L. (2012). The neurological complications of nutritional deficiency following bariatric surgery. Journal of Obesity, 2012, 608534. doi:10.1155/2012/608534
- Bharucha, A. E. (2013, July). Fecal incontinence. American College of Gastroenterology. Retrieved from http://patients.gi.org/topics/fecal-incontinence
- Bharucha, A. E., Dorn, S. D., Lembo, A., & Pressman, A. (2013, January). American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on constipation. Gastroenterology, 144, 211–217. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.029
- Bloom, A. A. (2017, November 8). Cholecystitis clinical presentation. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/171886-clinical
- Bonheur, J. L. (2018, July 17). Bacterial gastroenteritis. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176400-overview
- Bryan, E. D. (2018, July 17). Abdominal pain in elderly persons. In B. E. Brenner (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/776663-overview
- Canadian Deprescribing Network. Retrieved from https://deprescribing.org
- Canadian Liver Foundation. (n.d.). Clinical Hepatitc Encephalopathy Staging Scale (CHESS). Retrieved from https://www.liver.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/HE-Staging-Scale-CHESS-ENG.pdf
- Carrion, A. F., & Martin, P. (2012). Viral hepatitis in the elderly. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 107 (5), 691–697. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.7
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007, October 19). Update: Prevention of hepatitis A after exposure to hepatitis A virus and in international travelers. Updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56 (41), 1080–1084. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5641a3.htm
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Hepatitis A, acute 2012 case definition. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Retrieved from https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/hepatitis-a-acute/case-definition/2012
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, July 21). Parasites—Giardia: General information. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/general-info.html
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, July 21). Parasites—Giardia: Information for public health and medical professionals. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/audience-health-professionals.html
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Hepatitis C, acute 2016 case definition. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Retrieved from https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/hepatitis-c-acute/case-definition/2016
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Hepatitis C, chronic 2016 case definition. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Retrieved from https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/hepatitis-c-chronic/case-definition/2016
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Screening tests at-a-glance. Screen for life National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/pdf/sfl_inserts_screening.pdf
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, May 14). Treatment for cyclosporiasis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cyclosporiasis/health_professionals/tx.html
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, June 7). Parasites—cyclosporiasis (cyclospora infection). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cyclosporiasis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, September 26). Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis A outbreaks. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/outbreaks/hepatitisaoutbreaks.htm
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, October 31). Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis B quests and answers for health professionals. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/hbvfaq.htm
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, November 9). Hepatitis A questions and answers for health professions. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/havfaq.htm#A2
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Viral Hepatitis and National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TP Prevention. (2018, November 9). Hepatitis A questions and answers for health professionals, postexposure prophylaxis for hepatitis A. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/havfaq.htm#E1
- Chait, M. (2010). Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2(5), 147–154. doi:10.4253/wjge.v2.i5.147
- Chey, W. D., Leontiadis, G. I., Howden, C. W., & Moss, S. F. (2017). ACG clinical guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 112, 212–239. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.563
- Child, C. G. (n.d.). Child-Pugh score for cirrhosis mortality. Retrieved from https://www.mdcalc.com/child-pugh-score-cirrhosis-mortality
- Ciclitira, P. J. (2017, July 5). Management of celiac disease in adults. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-celiac-disease-in-adults
- Collamati, A., Martone, A.M., Poscia, A., Brandi, V., Celi, M., Marzetti, E., . . . Landi, F., (2016, February). Anticholinergic drugs and negative outcomes in the older population: From biological plausibility to clinical evidence. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(1), 25–35. doi:10.1007/s40520-015-0359-7
- Craig, S. (2018, July 23). Appendicitis. In B. E. Brenner (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/773895-overview
- Crockett, S., Wani, S., Gardner, T. B., Falck-Ytter, Y., & Barkun, A. N. (2018, March). American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology, 154(4), 1096–1101. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.032
- Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. (n.d.). Treatment options in IBD. Retrieved from http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/resources/treatment-options-in-ibd.html
- Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. (n.d.). Types of Crohn’s disease and associated symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-are-crohns-and-colitis/what-is-crohns-disease/types-of-crohns-disease.html
- Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. (n.d.). Types of medications for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Retrieved from http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/resources/types-of-medications.html
- Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. (n.d.). Types of ulcerative colitis. Retrieved from http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-are-crohns-and-colitis/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/types-of-ulcerative-colitis.html
- Cunha, J. P. (n.d.). Laxatives for constipation. MedicineNet.com. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/laxatives_for_constipation/article.htm#laxatives_definition_and_constipation_facts
- Dhawan, V. K. (2018, January 28). Hepatitis C. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177792-overview
- Dowell, A. D., & Herwaldt, B. (2014, July 28). Time to think about cyclosporiasis. Medscape. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/828665
- Dues, T. (n.d.). Acute pancreatitis. The Clinical Advisor. Retrieved from https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/hospital-medicine/acute-pancreatitis/article/600386
- Ehrlich, A., (Ed.). (2018, November 16). Obesity in adults. Retrieved from https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115009/Obesity-in-adults
- European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2018). EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology, 69(2), 406–460. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024
- Expert panel report: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. (2014). Obesity, 22(S2), S41–S410. doi:10.1002/oby.20660
- Fallone, C. A., Chiba, N., van Zanten, S. V., Fischbach, L., Gisbert, J. P., Hunt, R. H., . . . Marshall, J. K. (2016, July). The Toronto consensus for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults. Gastroenterology, 151(1), 51–69.e14. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.04.006
- Fargo, M. V., & Latimer, K. M. (2012). Evaluation and management of common anorectal conditions. American Family Physician, 85, 624–630. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0315/p624.html
- Farrell, B., Pottie, K., Thompson, W., Boghossian, T., Pizzola, L., Rashid, F. J., & Moayyedi, P. (2016, September). Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) deprescribing algorithm. Retrieved from http://www.open-pharmacy-research.ca/wp-content/uploads/ppi-deprescribing-algorithm-cc.pdf
- Farrell, B., Pottie, K., Thompson, W., Boghossian, T., Pizzola, L., Rashid, F. J., . . . Moayyedi, P. (2017, May). Deprescribing proton pump inhibitors: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Canadian Family Physician, 63(5), 345–364. Retrieved from http://www.cfp.ca/content/63/5/354
- Farrell, R. J., & Peppercorn, M. A. (2018, January 24). Overview of the medical management of mild to moderate Crohn’s disease in adults. UpToDate. Retrieved from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-medical-management-of-mild-to-moderate-crohn-disease-in-adults
- Farsi, F., Mohammadshahi, M., Alavinejad, P., Rezazadeh, A., Zarei, M., & Engali, K. A. (2016). Functions of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on liver enzymes, markers of systemic inflammation, and adipokines in patients affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 35(4), 346–353. doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1021057
- Felberbauer, F. X., Langer, F., Shakeri-Manesch, S., Schmaldienst, E., Kees, M., Kriwanek, S., . . . Prager, G. (2008). Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as an isolated bariatric procedure: Intermediate-term results from a large series in three Austrian centers. Obesity Surgery, 18, 814–818. doi:10.1007/s11695-008-9483-1
- Ferzandi, T. R. (2016, May 5). Fecal incontinence. In K. Strohbehn (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/268674-overview
- Ferzandi, T. R. (2016, May 05). Fecal incontinence treatment & management. In K. Strohbehn (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/268674-treatment
- Fitzgibbons, R. J., Jr., & Forse, R. A. (2015, February 19). Groin hernias in adults. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(8), 756–763. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068
- Fleming, K. M., West, J., Aithal, G. P., & Fletcher, A. E. (2011). Abnormal liver tests in people aged 75 and above: Prevalence and association with mortality. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 34(3), 324–334. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04718.x
- Foster, B. R., Jensen, K. K., Bakis, G., Shaaban, A. M., & Coakley, F. V., (2016, May–June). Revised Atlanta classification for acute pancreatitis: A pictorial essay. RadioGraphics, 36 (3), 675–687. doi:10.1148/rg.2016150097
- Friedman, L. S. (2018, April 4). Approach to the patient with abnormal liver biochemical and function tests. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-abnormal-liver-biochemical-and-function-tests
- Ganapathy, D., & Bajaj, J. S. (2016, June). Neurological examination. Clinical Liver Disease, 7 (6), 151–153. doi:10.1002/cld.558
- Gapp, J., & Chandra, S. (2018, October 27). Pancreatitis, acute. In Stat-Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482468
- Garfinkel, D., Ilhan, B., & Bahat, G., (2015, December). Routine deprescribing of chronic medications to combat polypharmacy. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 6 (6), 212–233. doi:10.1177/2042098615613984
- Ghoulam, E. M. (2018, October 18). Diverticulitis. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/173388-overview
- Gilroy, R. K. (2017, October 16). Hepatitis A. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177484
- Giordano, S., & Victorzon, M. (2015, October 13). Bariatric surgery in elderly patients: A systematic review. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1627–1635. doi:10.2147/CIA.S70313
- GlobalRxPh. (n.d.). Inflammatory bowel disease. Retrieved from http://www.globalrph.com/bowel.htm
- Goebel, S. U. (2014, December 16). Malabsorption. In F. Talavera (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180785-overview
- Goebel, S. U. (2018, October 10). Celiac disease (sprue). In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/171805-overview
- Goldberg, E., & Chopra, S. (2018, June 14). Cirrhosis in adults: Overview of complications, general management, and prognosis. In K. M. Robson (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cirrhosis-in-adults-overview-of-complications-general-management-and-prognosis
- Goldberg, E., & Chopra, S. (2018, Septebmer 5). Cirrhosis in adults: Etiologies, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. In K. M. Robson (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cirrhosis-in-adults-etiologies-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis
- Greenberg, J., Hsu, J., Bawazeer, M., Marshall, J., Friedrich, J. O., Nathens, A., . . . McLeod, R. S. (2016, April). Clinical practice guideline: Management of acute pancreatitis. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 59(2), 128–140. doi:10.1503/cjs.015015
- Greenberger, N. J. (2018, May). Constipation. In R. S. Porter (Ed.), Merck manual: Professional version. [online]. Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal_disorders/disorders/symptoms_of_gi_disorders/constipation.html
- Gunasingam, M., & Stoita, A. (2016, August 14). Update on acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic Disordes & Therapy, 6 (4), 177. 10.4172/2165-7092. 1000177 Retrieved from https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/update-on-acute-pancreatitis-2165-7092-1000177.php?aid=80312
- Gyawali, C. P., Kahrilas, P. J., Savarino, E., Zerbib, F., Mion, F., Smout, A. J. P. M., . . . Roman, S. (2018, July). Recent advances in clinical practice, modern diagnosis of GERD: The Lyon Consensus. Gut, 67 (7), 1351–1362. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314722
- Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L. (2017, October). Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015–2016 (NCHS Data Brief #288). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db288.pdf
- Hamdan, K., Somers, S., & Chand, M. (2011). Management of late post-operative complications of bariatric surgery. British Journal of Surgery, 98(10), 1345–1355. doi:10.1002/bjs.7568
- Hamilton, F. A. (2005, August 19). Celiac disease: A not so uncommon disorder. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/download/Food/GuidanceRegulation/ucm205924.ppt
- Handzlik-Orlik, G., Holecki, M., Orlik, B., Wyleżoł, M., & Duława, J. (2015). Nutrition management of the post-bariatric surgery patient. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 30(3), 383–392. doi:10.1177/0884533614564995
- Hayden, D. M., & Weiss, E. G. (2011). Fecal incontinence: Etiology, evaluation, and treatment. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, 24, 64–70. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272825
- Healthnotes, Inc. (2015, March 24). Liver cirrhosis (holistic). Retrieved from https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hn-1231004
- Heber, D., Greenway, F. L., Kaplan, L. M., Livingston, E., Salvador, J., & Still, C. (2010). Endocrine and nutritional management of the post-bariatric surgery patient: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(11), 4823–4843. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2128
- Hepatitis C Online. (n.d.). AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) calculator. Retrieved from https://www.hepatitisc.uw.edu/page/clinical-calculators/apri
- Hepatitis C Online. (n.d.). Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) calculator. Retrieved from https://www.hepatitisc.uw.edu/page/clinical-calculators/fib-4
- The Herbal Resource. (n.d.). Herbal remedies for cirrhosis. Retrieved from https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/cirrhosis-remedies.html
- Heuman, D. M. (2017, March 30). Gallstones (cholelithiasis). In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview
- Holland, K. (2017). What are the 12 leading causes of death in the United States? Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/leading-causes-of-death#1
- Hvas, A. M., & Nexo, E. (2006). Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency: An update. Haematologica, 91, 1506–1512. Retrieved from http://www.haematologica.org/content/haematol/91/11/1506.full.pdf
- Iannelli, A., Dainese, R., Piche, T., Facchiano, E., & Gugenheim, J. (2008). Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14, 821–827. Retrieved from https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v14/i6/821.htm
- Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2018, November 1). Oral dosage forms that should not be crushed. Retrieved from https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/do-not-crush
- International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders. (2015, September). Malabsorption. Retrieved from https://www.iffgd.org/other-disorders/malabsorption.html
- Jensen, M. D., Ryan, D. H., Donato, K. A., Apovian, C. M., Ard, J. D., Comuzzie, A. G., . . . Yanovski, S. Z. (2014). Executive summary: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. Obesity, 22(S2), S5–S39. doi:10.1002/oby.20819
- Kahrilas, P. J. (2018, April 5). Hiatus hernia. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiatus-hernia
- Kahrilas, P. J., Shaheen, N. J., & Vaezi, M. F. (2008, October). American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology, 135, 1383–1391.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.045
- Kamath, P. S. (n.d.). MELD score (model for end-stage liver disease) (12 and older). Retrieved from https://www.mdcalc.com/meld-score-model-end-stage-liver-disease-12-older
- Kapoor, S. (2011, February). Hepascore—A new liver function test. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 5 (1), 155–156. Retrieved from https://www.jcdr.net/articles/pdf/1136/1444_2.pdf
- Katz, P. O., Gerson, L. B., & Vela, M. F. (2013, February). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108, 308–328. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.444
- Kedia, S., Limdi, J. K., & Ahuja, V. (2018, April). Management of inflammatory bowel disease in older persons: Evolving paradigms. Intestinal Research, 16 (2), 194–208. doi:10.5217/ir.2018.16.2.194
- Kelly, C. P. (2018, March 26). Diagnosis of celiac disease in adults. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-celiac-disease-in-adults
- Kerner, J. (2014). Nutrition support after bariatric surgery. Support Line, 36 (3), 9–20.
- Khan, A. (2018, June 14). Hepatic encephalopathy. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatic-encephalopathy2#types
- Kim, T. Y., Kim, S., Schafer, A. L. (2018, January 4). Medical management of the postoperative bariatric surgery patient. In L. J. De Groot, G. Chrousos, K. Dungan, K. R. Feingold, A. Grossman, J. M. Hershman, . . . & A. Vinik (Eds.), Endotext. [Internet]. South Dartmouth, MA: MDText.com. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK481901
- Kohn, G. P., Price, R. R., Demeester, S. R., Zehetner, J., Muensterer, O. J., Awad, Z. T., . . . SAGES Guidelines Committee. (2013, April). Guidelines for the management of hiatal hernia. Retrieved from http://www.sages.org/publications/guidelines/guidelines-for-the-management-of-hiatal-hernia
- Kornbluth, A., Sachar, D. B., & The Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology (2010). Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 105, 501–523. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.727
- Kushner, R. F., Cummings, S., & Herron, D. M. (2018, April 2). Bariatric surgery: Postoperative nutritional management. In W. Chen (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bariatric-surgery-postoperative-nutritional-management
- Lamont, J. T., Kelly, C. P., & Bakken, J. S. (2018, October 25). Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection in adults: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. In E. L. Baron (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-infection-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis
- LaRocque, R., & Harris, J. B. (2018, May 8). Approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in resource-rich settings. In A. Bloom (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-acute-diarrhea-in-resource-rich-settings
- Lehrer, J. K. (2018, February 6). Irritable bowel sydrome. In B. S. Anand (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180389-overview
- Lichtenstein, G. R., Loftus, E. V., Jr., Isaacs, K. L., Regueiro, M. D., Gerson, L., & B, Sands, B. E. (2018, March). ACG clinical guideline: Management of crohn’s disease in adults. The Amercian Journal of Gastroenterology, 113, 481–517. doi:10.1038/ajg.2018.27
- Lin, B. (2018, January 8). Viral gastroenteritis. In B. Cagir (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176515-overview
- Liu, C.-F., Zhou, W.-N., Lu, Z., Wang, X.-T., & Qiu, Z.-H. (2018, June). The associations between liver enzymes and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the eldery. Experimental Gerontology, 106, 132–136. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.026
- Loffredo, L., Pastori, D., Farcomeni, A., & Violi, F. (2017). Effects of anti-coagulants in patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology, 153(2), 480–487.e1. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.042
- Lohsiriwat, V. (2015, August 21). Treatment of hemorrhoids: A coloprotologist’s view. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 21(31), 9245–9252. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i31.9245
- Longstreth, G. F. (2018, September 11). Approach to the adult with nausea and vomiting. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-nausea-and-vomiting
- MacDermott, R. P. (2018, May 2). Management of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis in adults. In K. M. Robson (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-mild-to-moderate-ulcerative-colitis-in-adults
- Martin, R. F. (2018, April 27). Acute appendicitis in adults: Clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis. In W. Chen (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-appendicitis-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-differential-diagnosis
- Mason, J. B., & Milovic, V. (2017, July 5). Clinical features and diagnosis of malabsorption. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-malabsorption
- McNeill, M., Glass, M., & Chang, S. (2017). Large bowel obstruction. Clinical Advisor. Retrieved from https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/hospital-medicine/large-bowel-obstruction/article/600958
- Medicare Interactive. (n.d.). Colorectal cancer screenings. Retrieved from https://www.medicareinteractive.org/get-answers/medicare-covered-services/preventive-services/colorectal-cancer-screenings
- Medscape (n.d.). Nitazoxanide (Rx). Retrieved from https://reference.medscape.com/drug/alinia-nitazoxanide-342664
- Moses, S. (2018, November 6). Chronic constipation. Familypractice Notebook. Retrieved from https://fpnotebook.com/GI/Constipation/ChrncCnstptn.htm
- Moyer, N. (2018, January 9). Fetor hepaticus. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/fetor-hepaticus#symptoms
- Moayyedi, P. M., Lacy, B. E., Andrews, C. N., Enns, R. A., Howden, C. W., & Vakil, N. (2017, June 20). ACG and CAG clinical guideline: Management of dyspepsia. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 112, 988–1013. doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.154
- Mowat, C., Cole, A., Windsor, A., Ahmad, T., Arnott, I., Driscoll, R., . . . Bloom, S. (2011). Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut, 60, 571–607. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.224154
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (n.d.). Diarrhea. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2014, September). Ulcerative colitis. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2016). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease & NASH: Definitions & facts of NAFLD & NASH. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/definition-facts
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2017, July). Treatment of fecal incontinence. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/bowel-control-problems-fecal-incontinence/treatment
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). Let’s talk about bowel control. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Files/Weight-Management/Stool_Diary_508.pdf
- Navarrete, A., Corcelles, R., Diaz del Gobbo, G., Perez, S., Vidal, J., & Lacy, A. (2017). Sleeve gastrectomy in the elderly: A case-control study with long-term follow-up of 3 years. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 13(4), 575–580. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.11.030
- Nazer, H. (2018, October 1). Giardiasis. In B. Cagir (Ed.), Medscape. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-overview#a6
- Nelson, N. P. (2017). Updated dosing instructions for immune globulin (human) GamaSTAN S/D for hepatitis A virus prophylaxis. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66, 959–960. 2017 doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6636a5
- Newsome, P. N., Cramb, R., Davison, S. M., Dillon, J. F., Foulerton, M., Godfrey, E. M., . . . Yeoman, A. (2018, January). Guidelines on the management of abnormal liver blood tests. Gut, 67 (1), 6–19. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314924
- Panaccione, R. (2018, April 19). Top-down vs step-up therapy in Crohn’s disease: What does the evidence say? Medscape. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/560005
- Pemberton, J. H. (2017, December 13). Colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease: Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colonic-diverticulosis-and-diverticular-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis
- Pemberton, J. H. (2018, April 23). Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute diverticulitis in adults. In S. Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-acute-diverticulitis-in-adults
- Pemberton, J. H. (2018, August 23). Acute colonic diverticulitis: Medical management. In W. Chen (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-colonic-diverticulitis-medical-management
- Penner, R. M., & Fishman, M. B. (2017, November 2). Evaluation of the adult with abdominal pain. In L. Kunins (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-adult-with-abdominal-pain
- Peppercorn, M. A., & Cheifetz, A. S. (2018, November 12). Definition, epidemiology, and risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. In K. M. Robson (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/definition-epidemiology-and-risk-factors-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease
- Pinsky, L. E., & Wipf, J. E. (n.d.). Advanced physical diagnosis learning and teaching at the bedside [Online]. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Department of Medicine. Retrieved from https://depts.washington.edu/physdx/liver/tech.html
- Poh, C. H., Navarro-Rodriguez, T., & Fass, R. (2010). Review: Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the elderly. The American Journal of Medicine, 123, 496–501. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.07.036
- Pounds, B. P. (2015). Improving primary care provider knowledge regarding malabsorptive nutritional deficiencies after bariatric surgery. Unpublished manuscript, Frontier Nursing University, Hyden, KY.